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Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1904

New Jersey seal

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1904

Seal of the state of New York, 1904

New York seal

Seal of the state of New York, 1904

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

New Mexico seal

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

New Mexico seal

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

Seal of the state of North Dakota, 1904

North Dakota seal

Seal of the state of North Dakota, 1904

Seal of the state of Oklahoma, 1904

Oklahoma seal

Seal of the state of Oklahoma, 1904

Seal of the state of Oregon, 1904

Oregon seal

Seal of the state of Oregon, 1904

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1904. Motto: Virtue, Liberty, Independence.

Pennsylvania Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1904. Motto: Virtue, Liberty, Independence.

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1904

Rhode Island seal

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1904

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1904

South Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1904

Seal of the state of South Dakota, 1904

South Dakota seal

Seal of the state of South Dakota, 1904

Seal of the state of Tennessee, 1904

Tennessee seal

Seal of the state of Tennessee, 1904

Seal of the state of Texas, 1904

Texas seal

Seal of the state of Texas, 1904

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Utah seal

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Utah seal

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Seal of the state of Vermont, 1904

Vermont seal

Seal of the state of Vermont, 1904

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1904

Virginia Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1904

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Washington seal

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Washington seal

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Seal of the state of West Virginia, 1904

West Virginia seal

Seal of the state of West Virginia, 1904

Seal of the state of Wisconsin, 1904

Wisconsin seal

Seal of the state of Wisconsin, 1904

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Wyoming Seal

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Wyoming Seal

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

The seal is an aquatic mammal, whose limbs are formed into flippers. The tail tapers at the end of the body. The front flippers are used as paddles while the rear paws help to steer the animal.

Seal

The seal is an aquatic mammal, whose limbs are formed into flippers. The tail tapers at the end of the…

Liberty Bell

Liberty Bell

Liberty Bell

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1875

Virginia seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1875

Seal of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1875

Massachusetts Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1875

Seal of the colony of Massachusetts.

Massachusetts seal

Seal of the colony of Massachusetts.

Seal of the state of New York, 1875

New York seal

Seal of the state of New York, 1875

Seal of the state of Maryland, 1875

Maryland seal

Seal of the state of Maryland, 1875

Seal of the state of Connecticut, 1875

Connecticut seal

Seal of the state of Connecticut, 1875

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1875

Rhode Island seal

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1875

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1875

New Jersey seal

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1875

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1875

Pennsylvania Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1875

Seal of the state of North Carolina, 1875

North Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of North Carolina, 1875

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1875

South Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1875

Seal of the state of Georgia, 1875

Georgia seal

Seal of the state of Georgia, 1875

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment for their whole length.

Solomon's Seal Root

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment…

Treasury Department seal

Treasury Department seal

Treasury Department seal

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

Carnivore foot

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Seal

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Description of the parts of a flower.

Parts of a Flower

Description of the parts of a flower.

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic mountains.

Florida Seal

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic…

"General Crook, born near Dayton, O., September 8th, 1828, died in Chicago, Ill., March 21st, 1890, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1852, and was on duty with the Fourth Infantry in California in 1852-'61. He had risen to a captaincy, when, at the beginning of the Civil War, he returned to the East and became colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry. He afterward served in the Western Virginia campaign, in command of the Third Provisional Brigade, from May 1st to August 15th, 1862, and was wounded in the action at Lewisburg. He served in Tennessee in 1863, and on July 1st he was transferred to the command of the Second Cavalry Division. After various actions, ending in the battle of Chickamauga, he pursued Wheeler's Confederate cavalry and defeated it. He entered upon the command of the Kanawha District, in Western Virginia, in February, 1864; made constant raids and was in numerous actions. He took part in Sheridan's Shenandoah campaign, and received the brevet of brigadier general and major general in the United States Army, March 13th, 1865. General Crook had command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac from March 26th to April 9th, during which time he was engaged at Dinwiddie Courthouse, Sailor's Creek and Farmville, till the surrender at Appomattox." —Leslie, 1896

General George Crook

"General Crook, born near Dayton, O., September 8th, 1828, died in Chicago, Ill., March 21st, 1890,…

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky--excitement at Convington--gathering of armed Federal citizens at the railroad and telegraph office, on hearing of the capture of Cynthiana by the Confederate Morgan. The dash of Morgan from his mountain haunts in Tennessee through Kentucky caused considerable alarm throughout the State, for it was well planned and boldly executed. It is said to have been an inspiration from Jeff Davis himself, intended to produce a general uprising in Kentucky against the Federal Government. The people, however, soon recovered from their momentary terror; and it was then seen how much stronger the Federal sentiment was in Kentucky than that of Secession." —Leslie, 1896

Kentucky Raid Rally

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky--excitement at Convington--gathering of armed Federal citizens at…

"General Mitchel, born at Morganfield, Union County, Ky., August 28th, 1809, died at Hilton Head, S. C., October 30th, 1862, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1829. Immediately after his graduation he was made assistant professor of mathematics at the Military Academy, which position he held for two years, when he was assigned to duty at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Fla. He soon resigned and moved to Cincinnati, where he commenced the study of law and was admitted to the bar. In 1861 he entered the Civil War in the cause of the Union, and was placed in command of a division of General Buell's army. He served with the Army of the Ohio during the campaigns of Tennessee and Northern Alabama, and reached the brevet title of major general of volunteers, April 11th, 1862. Afterward he was placed in command of the Department of the South at Hilton Hed, S. C., where he was fatally stricken with yellow fever in the prime of his career." —Leslie, 1896

General Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel

"General Mitchel, born at Morganfield, Union County, Ky., August 28th, 1809, died at Hilton Head, S.…

"Bombardment of Fort Henry, Tennessee River, Tenn., by the Mississippi Flotilla, Flag Officer Foote, February 6th, 1862. Flag Officer Foote's official report- United States Flagship Cincinatti, off Fort Henry, Tennessee River, February 6th, 1862: 'The gunboats under my command- the <em>Essex</em>, Commander Porter; the <em>Carondelet</em>, Commander Walker; the <em>Cincinnati</em>, Commander Stembel; the <em>St. Louis</em>, Lieutenant Commanding Paulding; the <em>Conestoga</em>, Lieutenant Commanding Phelps; the <em>Taylor</em>, Lieutenant Commanding Gwin; and the <em>Lexington</em>, Lieutenant Commanding Shirk. After a severe and rapid fire of one hour and a quarter, have captured Fort Henry and have taken General Lloyd Tilghman and his staff as prisoners. The surrender to the gunboats was unconditional, as we kept an open fire upon the enemy until their flag was struck. In half an hour after the surrender I handed the fort and the prisoners over to General Grant, commanding the army, on his arrival at the fort in force. The <em>Essex</em> had a shot in her boiler, after fighting most effectually for two thirds of the action, and was obliged to drop down the river. She, with the other gunboats, officers and men, fought with the greatest gallantry. The <em>Cincinnati</em> received thirty-one shots and had one man killed and eight wounded, two seriously. The fort, with twenty guns and seventeen mortars, was defended by General Tilghman with the most determined gallantry.'" —Leslie, 1896

Bombardment of Fort Henry

"Bombardment of Fort Henry, Tennessee River, Tenn., by the Mississippi Flotilla, Flag Officer Foote,…

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern terminus of the Mobile and Ohio railroad. This flourishing city, the capital of McCracken County, is situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers, and is connected with Mobile by railroad. It had a fine range of warehouses fronting the river, contained five churches, two banks and two newspaper offices; it had also a marine hospital. Its position had given it many commercial advantages, which were fast operating to make it one of the most progressive cities of the West. When, however, the confederates took possession of the Columbus and Hickman, two important points in Kentucky on the Mississippi, it became necessary to hold them in check and to prevent their flanking the Federal stronghold of Cairo; and with his usual sagacity and promptitude, General Grant immediately occupied Paducah. This step, although an apparent invasion of the sacred soil of Kentucky, received the entire approval of that loyal and gallant Sate as expressed through her Legislature; and Paducah was of course retained while the necessity for its occupation existed. Paducah contained about 8,000 inhabitants, very few of whom were tainted with the secession treason. It is 47 miles east from Cairo, and 225 from Louisville. It is named after a famous Indian chief who formerly lived in its vicinity."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Paducah, Kentucky

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern…

"General Crittenden, born in Russellville, Ky., May 15th, 1815, studied law under his father, was admitted to the bar, and became Commonwealth's Attorney in Kentucky in 1842. He served in the Mexican War as lieutenant colonel of Kentucky infantry, and was volunteer aid to General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. At the beginning of the Civil War he espoused the national cause, and on October 27th, 1861, was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He commanded a division at the battle of Shiloh, and was promoted major general, July 17th, 1862, for gallant service on that occassion, and assigned to the command of a division in the Army of the Tennessee. He served under Rosecrans in the battle of Stone River, and at Chickamauga commanded one of the two corps that were routed. In the Virginia campaign of 1864 he commanded a division of the Ninth Corps. He resigned December 13th, 1864, but entered the regular army as colonel of the Thirty-second Infantry on July 28th, 1866. He was retired on May 19th, 1881."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Thomas L. Crittenden

"General Crittenden, born in Russellville, Ky., May 15th, 1815, studied law under his father, was admitted…

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

Walruses

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with a very slight tinge of yellow; when just out of the water and wet, the ground-color is ash; after death, and as seen in museums, the ground color is pale yellowish-gray." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Common Seal

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with…

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the upper jaw, on the superior of the surface, a cartilaginous crest, which rises, increasing rapidly in height as it passes backwards, about seven inches high at its posterior or vertical edge, which is separated into two planes by an intervening depression an inch deep." — S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Hooded Seal

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the…

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur brown. acquiring a grayish tint at the point of the hairs in old age; external ears one inch eight lines long, conical, erect, covered with short hair, and open by an oblong slit, which is shut in the water; nail very slender and minute." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Sea Bear

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur…

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. Decisive charge and capture of Byrne's Confederate battery by the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania and Twnety-first Ohio Volunteers, Friday evening, January 2nd, 1863. Our correspondent's report: 'The capture of Byrne's Confederate battery was a most gallant achievement, and worthy of the finest troops in the world. This battery consisted of two 12-pound Napoleons, two howitzers and one 6-pound rifled cannon. These were admirably served, and did considerable execution. Over it flaunted the colors of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee and the standard of the Fourth Florida Regiment. It was situated on a rising ground in a cornfield, while a forest at the back afforded an excellent retreat. After our troops, under Negley and others, had succeeded in crossing Stone River on Friday afternoon and driven the enemy before them, a general rush was made to storm this battery, which still maintained its fire. The first regiments to reach this were the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers, under lead of Colonel Miller, who, though wounded, still kept the field, and acted throughout with a valor worthy the days of Washington. Up went our brave boys, bayonet in hand, to the very muzzles of the guns, which still belched death to the advancing line. The guns once reached, the gunners were driven from them by our men, and the battery was our own. The colors of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee Regiment were captured after a desperate resistance, the Confederate color bearer fighting for them till a bayonet thrust through his arm compelled him to drop them.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Stone River

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. Decisive charge and capture of Byrne's Confederate battery by the Seventy-eighth…

"General Howard, born in Leeds, Me., November 8th, 1830, was graduated at Bowdin in 1850, and at the United States Military Academy in 1854; became first lieutenant and instructor in mathematics in 1854, and resigned in 1861 to take command of the Third Maine Regiment. He commanded a brigade at the first battle of Bull Run, and for gallantry in that engagement was made to brigadier general of volunteers, September 3rd, 1861. He was twice wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, losing his right arm on June 1st, 1862. In November, 1862, he became major general of volunteers. He commanded the Eleventh Corps during General Hooker's operations in the vicinity of Fredericksburg; served at Gettysburg, Lookout Valley and Missionary Ridge, and was on the expedition for the relief of Knoxville in December, 1863. He was in occupation of Chattanooga from this time till July, 1864, when he was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee in the invasion of Georgia; was at the surrender of Atlanta, and joined in pursuit of the Confederates in Alabama, under Hood, from October 4th till December 13th, 1864. In the march to the sea he commanded the right wing of General Sherman's army. He was in command of the Army of the Tennessee, and engaged in all the important battles from January 4th till April 26th, 1865."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Oliver O. Howard

"General Howard, born in Leeds, Me., November 8th, 1830, was graduated at Bowdin in 1850, and at the…

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance during the war as to be constantly the object of operations on both sides, who indeed alternately held it. Like Harper's Ferry, it was deemed a strategic point of great value; but the fact that no action took place, and that its evacuation was compelled by distinct movements, tend to modify this idea. It is a natural gap in a mountain, 80 miles long, or rather the only natural gap, although other points bear that name. Cumberland Gap is 150 miles southeast of Lexington, Ky. The mountain is here 1,200 feet high, but the notch is a cut nearly two-thirds of this, the road through the gap being only 400 feet high. On the southern or Tennessee side this mountain is abrupt, and in some places perpendicular, and the summit almost inaccessible, except through the gap. The northern or Kentucky side is more irregular, breaking off in a sucession of smaller mountains and hills to the Valley of the Cumberland. Our sketch shows the Kentucky side."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cumberland Gap

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance…

"General Morgan, born in Huntsville, Ala., June 1st, 1826, died near Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th, 1864. He served in the War with Mexico as first lieutenant in a cavalry regiment. At the opening of the Civil War he entered the Confederate Army as captain of the Kentucky Volunteers, and joined General Simon B. Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles. During the winter of 1862-'3 he commanded a cavalry force in General Braxton Bragg's army, and greatly annoyed General Rosecrans's outposts and communications. He soon began a series of raids in Kentucky, which made it necessary to garrison every important town in the State. In 1862 he was appointed major general. In 1863 he headed a bold and extensive raid into Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, but was captured and imprisoned in the Ohio Penitentiary. He escaped by digging his way out in November, 1863, and then undertook a raid in Tennessee. While at a farmhouse near Greeneville, Tenn., he was surrounded by Federal troops under General Gillem, and in attempting to escape was killed."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General John H. Morgan

"General Morgan, born in Huntsville, Ala., June 1st, 1826, died near Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th,…

"The war in Tennessee. Federal pickets approached by Confederates in cedar bushes near Chattanooga. Our sketch shows the Confederate device for shooting down the Federal pickets. We have here not a whole wood marching, but single trees moving in the dusky twilight, continuously and stealthily, that their onward movement may be taken for the mere swaying of the trees in the wind. But the pickets in the third year of the war were keen of eye and quick of ear, and the hand on the trigger tells that some will fall in their cedar coffins to lie with no other cerements of the grave and molder away amid the crags and woods of that wild territory."— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Tennessee

"The war in Tennessee. Federal pickets approached by Confederates in cedar bushes near Chattanooga.…

"The war in Tennessee. Hooker's Battle above the clouds, and capture of the Confederate position on Lookout Mountain, November 24th, 1863. The wild mountains of Tennessee, where nature reveals in producing the most fantastic forms, and piling rocks upon rocks, forms one of the mightiest ridges on the land, have been the scene of one of the most extraordinary battles in history; a battle fought with the mists and clouds rolling beneath the combatants, the flash and the roar of the guns appearing to the spectators in the plain below like the lightning and the thunder of heaven. By eight o'clock on Tuesday, November 24th, Hooker's column was moving up Lookout Valley, and, to the surprise of the enemy, disappeared in the woods south of Wauhatchie. But here, filing his troop to the left, General Hooker began the difficult task of the ascent of the mountain. The head of the column, having reached the palisades, went into line of battle facing to the north, and with the right resting against the palisades stretched down the mountain. Geary's division formed the front, with Greene's brigade of New York troops on the right. General Hooker then formed a second line of the two brigades of the Fourth Corps which had been sent him, placing Whittaker on the right and Grose on the left. General Osterhaus formed a third line, and held himself in readiness to aid any part of the line which might need it. Thus arranged, the corps was ordered forward, with a heavy line of skirmishers thrown out, and marching along the slope of the ridge, soon came upon the rear of the enemy, who were taken completely by surprise. Before those at the foot of the hill could comprehend the situation Colonel Ireland's skirmishers had penetrated far toward the point of the mountain, and got in a heavy fire upon the enemy, who were now trying to escape up the hill, while the Federals assaulted them from above. At the same time the Federal batteries on the Moccasin Point and those of the Confederates on Lookout Mountain opened a heavy fire upon each other, and soon the whole mountain was hid from the view in Chattanooga by the cloud of smoke which rose above and around it. The enemy made but little organized resistance, yet their skirmishers for a long time kept up a heavy fire from behind jutting rocks and from trees. Holding Ireland's right well against the palisades, Geary threw Kennedy forward on the left, and he, after being re-enforced by Grose, the enemy on the point of the mountain gradually gave way and fell back in some disorder to the line of breastworks on the east slope of the mountain, at Craven's House. General Geary swung around until his line was parallel with that of the enemy, and again advanced, but being met by organized and well-directed resistance, for a time recoiled. The enemy were now in strong position, Craven's House being the centre of a line of heavy breastworks; but they lacked numbers to man them, having lost severely. They were compelled to expose their right flank. Hooker then sent the Eighty-fourth and Seventy-fifth Illinois to hold the road across the mountain, and advanced on the enemy, with Geary on the right, Osterhaus on the left. Whittaker and Grose in the centre. Geary turned their left, as Osterhaus did the enemy's right, and then, with one charge of the whole line, Hooker carried the position."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Hooker's Battle

"The war in Tennessee. Hooker's Battle above the clouds, and capture of the Confederate position on…

"The war in Georgia- Stevenson, Ala., depot for General Rosecrans's Army. The campaign of General Rosecrans brought him to a district where it was not easy to remember the State in which places were. Chattanooga the object of the struggle, was in Tennessee; but the battle of Chickamauga was fought in Georgia, and Rosecrans's depot of supplies was in Alabama. As a man may actually stand in three States, we may credit the assertion that from Lookout Mountain your eye can discern seven of the sovereignties of the New World. In the railroad line from Memphis, which at Cleveland branches to Lynchburg, Raleigh, Charleston, Savannah and Montgomery, Stevenson is an important point, as there a railroad from Nashville comes in."— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Georgia

"The war in Georgia- Stevenson, Ala., depot for General Rosecrans's Army. The campaign of General Rosecrans…